• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Hydraulic apparatus for the generation of large tensile forces by means of a number of stacked power units, each having a hydraulically energized power cell, the stack of units being disposed in alignment with the member to be stressed. The power cells are connected and parallel, in their surfaces rest against supporting plates which provide a clearance therebetween so as to permit an expansion of said cells when they are subjected to hydraulic pressure. A similarly supported return cell causes the power cells to return to their initial positions when hydraulic pressure is removed from them.
    公开号:SU1313684A1
    申请号:SU797770769
    申请日:1979-08-17
    公开日:1987-05-30
    发明作者:Млынаржик Ян；Новак Иосеф；Грегор Иржи
    申请人:"Шкода" (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a hydraulic installation for generating tensile forces, for example, for pre-tensioning of bolts for nuclear reactor shells, turbine bodies and pump bodies, for preloading ropes or other machine parts.
    A known hydraulic installation for the formation of tensile forces, mainly for pre-tensioning of bolts, contains a removable support 16 with an internal cavity under the main nut 14, an auxiliary nut 12 interacting with the threaded end of the bolt 19 or the stud of the tightenable threaded joint, a hydraulic device, kinematically connected with a removable bearing 16 and an auxiliary nut 12, a drive 13 to rotate the auxiliary nut 12 and a drive 17 to rotate the main nut 14 (USSR USSR Certificate No. 5,37801, cl. B 25 B 29/02, 1975),
    The hydraulic device is made in the form of a set of flat annular elastic chambers placed stacked between the interchangeable support 16 and the auxiliary nut 12 and having fittings for connected to the pressure source.
    The lack of a hydraulic installation consists in the fact that considerable time is required for its installation and disassembly from the tightening threaded connection, because during its installation on the tightenable threaded connection the hydraulic device is installed element-wise, and during its dismantling the pressure is released from the elastic chambers the force of the pre-stretched bolt rod and under the action of stresses arising in each chamber.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device.
    This goal is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic installation to form tensile forces, mainly for pre-stretching of bolts containing an interchangeable support 16 with an internal cavity for the main nut 14, auxiliary nut 12 mounted on the threaded end of the bolt 19 or the threaded connection stud , a hydraulic device, kinematically connected with the interchangeable support 16 and the auxiliary nut 12, the actuator 17 and 13 for rotating, respectively, the nuts 14 and 12, the hydraulic device is made in view of the system of power membranes 2 with the upper and lower supporting disks 18, 5 and 4, which are connected with the pressure source and stacked in the housing 1 mounted on the interchangeable support 16 with axial displacement, facing the ends of the upper and lower supporting disk 4 towards the interchangeable support 16 and periodically interact with the end directly with
    the housing 1 or through the rod 15 mounted with the possibility of axial movement in the housing 1 parallel to its axis, with the end of the interchangeable support 16, the uppermost UDI supporting disk 18 is rigidly connected to the housing 1, the upper supporting disks 5 have a shoulder along the perimeter, which they adjoin with the opposite end of the adjacent upper supporting disc 18 or 5,
    , the lower support discs 4 interact with each other through the fingers 6, installed with the possibility of axial displacement in the upper support discs 5, and between the ends of each upper support disc 5 and the lower support disc 4 of the next power
    5 of the membrane 2 there is a gap equal to the limiting travel of the power membrane 2; in addition, it is provided with at least one return membrane 3 with upper and lower supporting disks 8 and 7 which surround it at the ends, which is placed
    0 in the housing 1 so that its upper disk 8 is in contact with one end with the end of the lower supporting disk 4, the power membrane 2, and the other with the rods 15 freely passing through the lower supporting disk 7,
    5a, there is a gap between the upper and lower support discs 8 and 7, which is equal to the limiting stroke of the power membrane 2.
    FIG. Figure 1 shows a hydraulic installation in a quiescent state, prepared for tensioning a bolt rod or
    0 studs, longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - the same, in the zero position, the installation is prepared for stretching; in fig. 3 - the same, in the pre-tensioning position of the bolt or stud rod; in fig. 4 - bilayer membrane, longitudinal section.
    5 A hydraulic unit for forming a tensile force comprises a replaceable support 16 with an internal cavity under the main nut 14, an auxiliary nut 12, which cooperates with the threaded end of the bolt 19 or a pin of the tightenable threaded connection 13, the actuator 17 for rotating the main nut nuts 14 and hydraulic device. The hydraulic device is designed as a power system.
    5 membranes 2, which are covered at the ends by upper support disks 18 and 5 and lower support disks 4 and are connected to a pressure source. Power membranes 2 with supporting discs 5 and 4 are stacked in a case 1, which is mounted on
    0 interchangeable support 16 with the possibility of axial displacement of X. Case 1 is rigidly connected to disk 18. Lower support disk 4 faces towards interchangeable support 16. In case 1, rods 15 are arranged parallel to its axis with the possibility of axial movement. Upper support discs 5 of the same power membrane 2 have a collar along the perimeter, in which they adjoin the opposite end of the end face
    the supporting disk 18 or 5 of the next power membrane 2 in it. In the upper support disks 5 parallel to their axes around the circumference are mounted axial movement of the fingers 6, which interact with the ends of the lower support disks 4. Between the ends of each upper support disk 5 of one power membrane 2 and lower the supporting disc 4 of the next power membrane 2 has a gap equal to the limiting travel of the power membrane 2. In the housing
    1 placed the return membrane 3 with covering the ends of the upper 8 and lower 7 supporting discs. The return membrane 3 is connected to a pressure source. The upper disc 8 of the return membrane 3 is in contact with one end of the end of the lowermost supporting disc 4, and the other with the rods 15 freely passing through the lower supporting disc 7. Between the upper 8 and lower 7 supporting discs of the returning membrane 3 there is a gap X equal to the limiting the course of the power membrane 2.
    In the case of using a hydraulic system without a return membrane 3 lower bearing disc 4 of the power membrane
    2 interacts with rods 15.
    The actuators 13 and 17 for rotating, respectively, the auxiliary nut 12 and the main nut 14, are made in the form of gear drives with an actuator, the last stage of which are, respectively, the auxiliary nut 12 and the main nut 14, which have gear teeth for this purpose. The power membranes 2 are connected to a pressure source through the inlet 10 of the switchboard 9, and the return membrane is connected through the inlet 11.
    FIG. 4 shows a two-layer power membrane in cross section. Each of the .membranes consists of two identical shtampok, welded around the circumference. To pressurize the outer membrane 21, the welded outlet 23 of the outer membrane 21 serves, and to pressurize the inner membrane 22, the welded outlet 24 of the inner membrane 22 serves. The pressure in the space of the inner membrane 22 is always twice the pressure in the space of the outer membrane 21. When the pressure is applied, the disk part of the power membrane 2 is stretched in the direction of the arrows.
    A hydraulic installation for generating tensile forces works as follows.
    In the initial position shown in FIG. 1, the return membrane 3 is stretched by the size X, the power membranes 2 are compressed by the same size X.
    The installation is put on the rod of the bolt 19 or the studs of the tightened threaded joint, on which the main nut 14 is previously screwed. On the extended end of the bolt 19, the actuator 13 is screwed on the extension nut 12 by means of the actuator 13 to connect the drain and supply 10 power membranes 2 through the switchboard 9 is connected
    to the pressure source. As a result, the power membranes 2 begin to stretch and begin to act on the lower support discs 4 and upper support discs 18 and 5. The force P from one of the lower support discs 4 is transmitted to the others through fingers 6 and then through rods 15 to the interchangeable support 16, mounted on a fixed flange 20, and the total force P from the upper bearing discs 5 and 18 to the housing 1, which begins to move in the vertical direction relative to the interchangeable support 16 and carries along the auxiliary nut 12, which in turn transfers the tension The present force on the rod 19 or bolt schpilki
    0 tightened threaded connection. Under the action of the total force P, the core of the bolt 19 lengthens, its maximal value is equal to L. At the same time, the returning membrane 3 is compressed to the same value at the same time. The feed medium inside it is squeezed out to the drain through the supply II. After that, the drive 17 of the rotation of the main nut 14 produces the screwing of the latter until it stops in the flange 20. Then the supply of 10 power membranes
     2 through a switchboard 9 is connected to a drain, and the supply 11 of the return membrane 3 is connected to a pressure source. In this case, the return membrane 3 is stretched by the value of X, while the force membranes 2 are compressed by the same value X. Under the action of the force compressing the power membranes 2, the pressure medium inside them is squeezed onto the drain.
    After this operation, the unit is again in its original position. This cycle can be repeated several times in order
    0 to increase the degree of expansion of the bolt rod 19 or studs. This is of particular importance in some special cases, for example, when using gaskets made of materials, with the requirement of pre-compression of the gasket, when using scientific research institutes of elastic bolts, etc.
    FIG. Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the hydraulic installation in the well position, prepared for stretching. Power membranes 2 are connected with the help of the lower supporting discs 4, fingers 6, upper supports0
    discs o and 18 and housing 1 so that
    a parallel connection of the power membranes 2 occurs, the final result of which is the resultant force P, equal to the sum of the forces of the individual power membranes 2. The power membranes are compressed, the return membrane is stretched.
    FIG. Figure 3 schematically shows the hydraulic installation in the pre-tensioning position of the bo, tta or
    studs. Power membranes 2 are under pressure and are rotated by the value of L. Returnable membrane 3 is ejat by the value of L. The body 1 is also shifted by the value of X and, through the support nut 12, the rod of the bolt 19 or the threaded connection of the bolt 19 is tightened by the value of X.
    77
    (rig.
    Fig.d
    Editor L. Pchelinska Order 2169/17
    Compiled by Y. Sergeev
    Tehred I. VeresKorrektor M. Pojo
    Circulation 954 Subscription
    VNIIPI USSR State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries
    113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab. 4/5 Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, ul. Project, 4
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. HYDRAULIC INSTALLATION FOR THE FORMATION OF TENSIONING EFFORTS, mainly for pre-stretching the bolts, comprising a removable support 16 with an internal cavity under the main nut 14, an auxiliary nut 12 mounted on the threaded end of a bolt 19 or studs of a tightened threaded connection, a hydraulic device kinematically connected with a change the support 16 and the auxiliary nut 12 and the actuator 17 and 13 for rotation, respectively, of the main nut 14 and the auxiliary nut 12, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency installation, the hydraulic device is made in the form of a system of power membranes 2 with upper and lower supporting disks 18, 5 and 4 covering them at the ends, connected to a pressure source and stacked in a housing 1 mounted on a removable support 16 with the possibility of axial movement, extreme the lower and supporting disk 4 faces the interchangeable support 16 and periodically interacts with the end face directly with the housing 1 or through the rods 15, mounted with the possibility of axial movement in the housing 1 parallel to its axis, with the end face support 16, the extreme upper support disk 18 is rigidly connected with the housing 1, the other upper support disks 5 have a flange along the perimeter with which they are in contact with the opposite end of the adjacent upper support disk 18 or 5, the lower support disks 4 interact with each other through fingers 6, mounted axially movable in the upper supporting disks 5, and between the ends of each upper supporting disk 5 and the lower supporting disk 4 of the next power membrane 2, there is a gap equal to the limiting stroke of the power membrane 2.
    [2]
    2. Installation according to π. 1, characterized in that it is provided with at least one returnable membrane 3 with upper and lower disks 8 and 7 covering it at the ends, which is placed in the housing 1 so that its upper disk 8 is in contact with one end face of the lower supporting disk 4 of the power the membrane 2, and the other with the rods 15 freely passing through the lower disk 7, and between the upper and lower disks 8 and 7 there is a gap equal to the maximum stroke of the power membrane 2.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2440251B3|1980-12-12|
    CS210710B1|1982-01-29|
    DD158169A3|1983-01-05|
    HU186354B|1985-07-29|
    FR2440251A3|1980-05-30|
    DE2938692C2|1986-02-13|
    US4314690A|1982-02-09|
    IT7926857D0|1979-10-29|
    IT1207279B|1989-05-17|
    SE7908651L|1980-05-01|
    JPS5565086A|1980-05-16|
    DE2938692A1|1980-05-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2382958A|1943-02-01|1945-08-21|Sidney F Burgoine|Fluid-operated work-holding vise|
    US2634773A|1948-08-13|1953-04-14|Romer G Weyant|Press diaphragm|
    US3008362A|1959-03-20|1961-11-14|Babcock & Wilcox Co|Power operated stud tensioners|
    CH568493A5|1973-03-09|1975-10-31|Repapress Ag|
    DE2411187C3|1973-03-09|1981-02-05|Repapress Ag, Romanshorn |Power tool|
    US4120230A|1977-02-23|1978-10-17|Pilgrim Engineering Developments Limited|Self-straining bolts|US4569258A|1979-04-30|1986-02-11|Orban Joseph N|Power driven stud tensioning device|
    FR2540279B1|1983-01-28|1985-05-10|Kley France|
    US5406867A|1993-06-16|1995-04-18|Unex Corporation|Mechanical tensioner|
    DE9316464U1|1993-10-28|1994-01-20|Wagner Paul Heinz|Tensioning device for stretching screws|
    US5713558A|1995-03-17|1998-02-03|Junkers; John K.|Hydraulic tensioner|
    DE102004043146B3|2004-09-03|2005-11-24|Hohmann, Jörg|Hydraulic bolt tensioning device|
    DE102013107096A1|2013-07-05|2015-01-08|Ith Gmbh & Co. Kg|Clamping device for stretching a threaded bolt|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CS708378A|CS210710B1|1978-10-31|1978-10-31|Hydraulic equipment for inducement of tractive forces|
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